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Field  Columbian  Museum 

Publication  79. 
Zoological  Series.  Vol.  Ill,  No.  12. 


A    LIST    OF    MAMMALS 


COLLECTED  BY 


EDMUND  HELLER, 


IN 


THE  SAN   PEDRO   MARTIR  AND 
HANSON  LAGUNA  MOUNTAINS 


AND  THE 


ACCOMPANYING  COAST  REGIONS  OF 
LOWER    CALIFORNIA 

WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  APPARENTLY  NEW  SPECIES. 


BY 


D.  G.  Elliot,  F.  R.  S.  E.,  Etc. 

Curator  of  the  Department. 


Chicago,  U.  S.  A. 
June,   1903. 


A  LIST 

OF  MAMMALS  COLLECTED  BY  EDMUND  HELLER, 

IN    THE    SAN    PEDRO    MARTIR    AND    HANSON   LAGUNA 

MOUNTAINS  AND  THE  ACCOMPANYING  COAST 

REGIONS  OF  LOWER  CALIFORNIA. 


BY  D.  G.  ELLIOT,  F.R.S.E.,  ETC. 


In  February,  1902,  Mr.  Heller  arrived  at  the  port  of  Ensenada  on 
Todos  Santos  Bay,  Lower  California,  with  the  intention  of  making  this 
place  his  starting-point  for  an  exploration  and  collecting  expedition  into 
the  mountain  ranges  of  Hanson  Laguna,  and  San  Pedro  Martir.  A 
guide  was  here  procured  and  a  pack-train  of  burros,  for  the  opportunities 
to  obtain  any  supplies  after  leaving  the  coast  were  practically  nil,  and  every- 
thing needed  had  to  be  carried  on  donkey  back.  An  existing  law  com- 
pelling all  who  brought  guns  into  Lower  California  to  return  to  the 
port  of  entry  every  sixty  days  and  have  their  permits  to  bear  arms 
renewed,  made  it  necessary  that  his  first  trip  should  not  exceed  two 
months,  and  Mr.  Heller  decide'd  to  go  to  San  Felipe  on  the  Gulf  of 
California  through  the  canon  of  the  Salado  River,  San  Pedro  Martir 
Mountains,  returning  to  Ensenada  by  the  same  route.  As  this  lofty 
range  is  but  little  known,  and  never  before  has  been  systematically  ex- 
plored by  any  collector,  a  comparatively  small  number  of  animals  having 
been  previously  obtained  from  a  few  localities  only,  Mr.  Heller's  de- 
scription of  these  mountains  contains  valuable  information.     He  writes: 

"The  name  San  Pedro  Martir  is  applied  to  an  elevated  plateau 
region  extending  from  300  30'  to  31°  io'  North  latitude,  and  with  a 
width  of  from  fifteen  to  twenty  miles.  The  general  trend  of  the  plateau 
is  north  and  south,  and  it  is  traversed  by  low  rocky  ridges  having  the 
same  direction,  and  the  plateau  varies  from  six  to  nine  thousand  feet  and 
the  ridges  and  peaks  rise  a  few  hundred  feet  higher,  the  highest  peak 
attaining  a  height  of  10,126  feet,  and  the  slopes  of  the  plateau  are  pre- 
cipitous except  on  the  south,  where  the  range  gradually  merges  into  the 
lower  hills  of  that  region.  The  east  slope  is  almost  sheer  from  the  sum- 
mits of  the  highest  peaks  to  the  floor  of  the  desert,  and  only  one  almost 
impassable  trail  is  known  on  the  whole  of  its  extent.  The  north  and 
west  slopes  are  about  equally  precipitous  and  the  summit  is  accessible  by 
but  a  few  rocky  trails.     The   greater   part  of  the  drainage  of  the  moun- 

199 


200  Field  Columbian   Museum — Zoology,   Vol.   III. 

tains  is  to  the  west  into  the  Pacific,  and  practically  but  one  of  the  streams 
has  permanent  connection  with  the  ocean. 

"The  higher  parts  of  the  mountains  are  of  granite  formation,  the  ' 
ridges  and  peaks  being  composed  of  gigantic  boulders  produced  by 
weathering.  Between  these  ridges  occur  level-floored  valleys  of  consid- 
erable extent.  The  southern  and  northern  portions  of  the  mountains  are 
largely  composed  of  a  hard,  metamorphosed  sandstone,  and  lack  the 
boulder  formation  so  characteristic  of  the  higher  and  central  portions. 

"The  forests  of  the  plateau  region  are  composed  almost  wholly  of 
yellow  pine,  Pinus  jeffreyi,  except  on  the  higher  elevations.  This  tree 
ranges  from  6,000  feet  to  the  highest  elevations  and  is  almost  every- 
where the  predominating  one.  In  the  lower  parts  of  its  range,  6,000  to 
7,000  feet,  it  is  restricted  to  the  valleys,  the  ridges  being  bare  of  forest 
growth,  but  above  these  elevations  it  is  confined  more  to  the  hillsides 
and  ridges,  the  valleys  being  open  and  grassy.  At  lesser  heights,  4,500 
to  6,000  feet,  the  pinon  pine,  P.  quadrifolia,  is  the  only  tree  and  forms 
forests  in  some  localities.  The  sugar  pine,  P.  lambertiana,  occurs  spar- 
ingly on  the  higher  ridges,  from  8,000  feet  to  the  highest  summits.  The 
two-leaved  pine,  P.  murrayana,  forms  forests  in  the  northern  part  at  an 
elevation  of  about  8,500  feet.  A  fir,  Abies  concolor,  forms  a  limited  por- 
tion of  the  forests  from  8,000  feet  and  above.  The  incense  cedar, 
Libocedrus  decurrens,  occurs  about  streams  at  7,500  feet  and  on  the  hill- 
sides at  higher  elevations.  A  few  cypress,  Cupressus  arizonica,  occur  on 
the  highest  elevations,  but  in  such  limited  numbers  as  to  be  of  slight 
importance  in  the  composition  of  the  forests.  A  few  oaks,  Quercus 
chrysolepis  and  Q.  grisea,  add  to  the  forest  growth  at  all  elevations  above 
6,000  feet.  In  the  higher  elevations,  mostly  above  8,000  feet,  the  aspen, 
Populus  tremuloides,  forms  thickets  and  miniature  forests  about  damp 
meadows  and  stream-beds. 

"The  chaparral  clothes  the  hills  and  ridges  at  all  elevations,  except 
in  localities  where  the  boulders  are  large  and  numerous.  This  growth 
is  made  up  chiefly  of  scrub-oaks,  several  species  of  Ceanothus,  chamiso, 
manzanita,  Garrya,  and  at  lower  elevations,  juniper. 

"  The  greater  part  of  the  mountain  is  in  the  Transition  zone,  as  shown 
by  the  distribution  of  the  yellow  pine.  This  zone  approximately  ex- 
tends from  6,000  to  8,500  feet,  or  perhaps  to  the  summit  of  the  moun- 
tains. The  presence  of  the  Canadian  zone  is  somewhat  doubtful,  although 
the  occurrence  of  Abies  and  Populus  tremuloides  and  of  Sciurus  d.  mearnsi 
give  a  touch  of  Canadian.  The  upper  Sonoran  zone  is  confined  to  the 
region  below  6,000  feet  and  limited  to  the  slopes  of  the  mountains  down 
to  4,000  feet,  the  whole  zone  being  in  a  dense  chaparral." 

"The  topography  of  Ensenada,"  writes  Mr.  Heller,  "  is  made  up  of 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  201 

ranges  of  hills  and  low  mountains,  the  highest  elevations  being  some- 
what above  4,000  feet.  The  formation  is  chiefly  porphyry  and  sand- 
stone, but  the  rocks  are  usually  well  hidden  by  the  soil  and  heavy  chap- 
arral. This  last  is  made  up  largely  of  Chamiso  surnae,  scrub-oak,  manza- 
nita,  buckeye,  Ceanothus,  etc.,  which  grow  very  luxuriantly,  being  almost 
impenetrable  on  the  northern  hillsides  and  in  canons.  On  the  higher 
hills  a  small  cypress,  and  a  scrub-pine  form  thickets.  Along  the 
canons  and  creeks  live-oaks,  sycamores,  cottonwoods,  and  willows  form 
scattered  groves."  Mr.  Heller  left  Ensenada  on  the  28th  of  February 
and  proceeded  south,  near  the  coast,  making  his  first  stop  of  only  a  few 
days  duration  at  San  Tomas,  about  twenty-five  miles  from  Ensenada, 
where  he  procured  a  few  additional  donkeys,  as  his  impedimenta  was 
too  heavy  for  rapid  traveling  with  the  number  of  animals  secured  at 
Ensenada.  From  San  Tomas  he  entered  the  Salado  River  Canon,  in  the 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  and  made  his  first  camp  about  twenty 
miles  west  of  Trinidad.  Of  this  canon  Mr.  Heller  says  :  "  It  is  rather 
narrow,  walled  in  by  mountains,  which  rise  one  or  two  thousand  feet 
above  the  floor,  and  the  canon  is  a  white,  sandy  dry  waste,  and  more  or 
less  of  a  desert  in  character.  Several  shrubs,  like  Acacia  and  Larea,  are 
found,  together  with  many  desert  cacti.  The  forms  which  live  here  have 
doubtless  found  their  way  in  over  the  San  Matias  Pass  through  the 
Trinidad  Valley.  The  altitude  of  the  camp  was  perhaps  2,000  feet." 
The  next  stop  was  at  a  small  canon  called  Las  Eucinas,  which  is  about 
1,000  feet  above  the  Salado  Canon.  The  vegetation  is  somewhat  differ- 
ent, the  chief  tree  being  the  live-oak,  Quercus  agrifolia,  and  the  com- 
monest bush  the  chamiso."  The  next  camp  was  "on  the  western  edge 
of  the  Trinidad  Valley,  which  is  about  500  feet  lower  than  Las  Eucinas, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Salado  River.  This  side  of  the  valley  is  in  the 
Juniperus  californicus  belt,  which  extends  westward  from  here  nearly  to 
Las  Eucinas.  The  valley  is  elliptical,  about  15  miles  long  by  10  in 
width.  On  the  east  and  north  it  is  bordered  by  high  hills,  but  is  open 
to  the  desert  by  a  wide  pass  on  the  southeast,  and  on  the  west  rises  grad- 
ually into  a  broad  mesa.  In  the  eastern  part  of  the  valley  desert  plants 
predominate,  such  as  tree  yuccas,  creosote,  mesquite,  cholla  and  visuaga 
cacti  and  many  smaller  species."  One  night  was  passed  at  a  small 
spring  called  Aguajito,  "on  the  northern  edge  of  the  valley,  about  four 
miles  northeast.  This  spring  is  in  the  desert  vegetation,  which  is  rather 
luxuriant,  and  the  soil  is  chiefly  white  sand."  From  this  camp  the  train 
passed  on  to  San  Matias  spring,  the  highest  elevation  reached  on  this 
journey.  "  The  spring  is  situated  on  the  edge  of  the  pass,  its  altitude 
being  3,500  to  4,000  feet,  on  the  lower  edge  of  the  pinon  zone,  in  a 
scattered  growth  of  Pinns  parryana,  and  the  water  drains  into  the  desert. 


202  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,   Vol.    III. 

A  few  feet  below  the  spring  the  tree  yuccas,  mescal,  and  several  species  of 
cacti  occur  abundantly."  Two  days  were  passed  here  on  the  way  to  San 
Felipe  and  four  nights  on  the  return  trip.  Canon  Esperanza,  where  two 
days  were  passed,  was  the  next  stopping-place.  It  is  situated  "  on  the  des- 
ert slope  of  the  mountains  and  drains  into  the  San  Felipe  Valley.  The 
mountains  near  the  canon's  mouth  rise  almost  vertically  from  the  desert 
to  altitudes  of  8,000  to  10,000  feet.  The  floor  of  the  valley  is  about 
1,000  feet  above  sea  level.  Near  the  mouth  large  granite  boulders  cover 
the  surface  of  the  ground,  but  further  out  nothing  but  white  sand  is  to  be 
found.  Near  the  base  of  the  mountains  the  country  is  very  bushy,  being 
covered  with  a  scattered  growth  of  small  spreading  trees,  mostly  mes- 
quite,  palo  verde,  ironwood  and  giant  cereus  cactus.  The  whole  region 
is  sandy,  except  the  beds  of  alkali  lakes.  The  only  water  is  that  found 
in  the  canons  of  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains  and  a  few  tanks  in  the 
higher  desert  ranges.  The  pinon  belt  comes  down  the  mountain  slopes 
to  within  about  1,500  feet  of  the  base.  Two  days  were  passed  here  on 
our  way  out  and  two  on  our  return  from  San  Felipe."  This  last  place,  on 
the  Gulf  of  California,  was  the  next  camping-ground.  The  region 
about  San  Felipe  Bay  is  "  a  level  white  sand  desert,  flanked  on  the  west 
by  a  rather  low  range  of  mountains,  and  on  the  north  by  a  similar  range 
extending  down  to  the  bay,  forming  its  northern  point  and  separating  it 
from  the  Colorado  Desert  farther  north.  The  vegetation  about  the  bay  is 
scanty,  the  creosote  bushes  and  a  few  mesquite  and  copal  trees  comprising 
most  of  it.  Cacti  are  rare  in  this  region."  Two  weeks  were  passed  and 
a  considerable  collection  was  made.  From  San  Felipe  Mr.  Heller  was 
obliged  to  return  to  Ensenada,  as  his  sixty  days  would  have  expired  by 
the  time  he  could  reach  the  Pacific  coast,  and  he  therefore  retraced  his 
steps,  stopping  at  some  of  his  previous  camps.  On  his  arrival  he  learned 
that  instructions  had  been  forwarded  to  the  authorities  from  the  Secre- 
tary of  State,  Mexico  City,  at  the  request  of  this  Institution,  to  allow 
him  to  carry  arms,  without  any  time  limit  being  mentioned,  anywhere  in 
Mexico  he  chose  to  visit.  This  simplified  matters  greatly,  for  it  would 
have  been  impossible  for  him  to  explore  the  mountains,  as  he  subse- 
quently did,  if  he  had  been  compelled  to  return  to  the  coast  every  sixty 
days.  After  various  delays  from  different  causes  Ensenada  was  again  left 
on  the  7th  of  May,  the  intention  being  to  proceed  along  the  western 
edge  of  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains  to  their  southern  border  and 
reach  the  coast  at  San  Quentin,  and  then  later,  during  the  great  heat  of 
summer,  to  penetrate  among  the  higher  peaks  of  the  range.  The  first 
camp  out  from  Ensenada  was  Trinidad,  to  obtain  the  burros  that  had 
been  left  there  on  the  return  journey  from  San  Felipe,  and  to  procure 
additional  ones.     The  route  was  then  continued  "  along  the  west  edge  of 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  203 

the  mountains  at  an  average  elevation  of  about  3,000  feet."  A  short  stop 
was  made  at  San  Jose  on  the  way  and  a  few  specimens  taken.  A  stay  of 
six  days  was  made  at  San  Antonio,  which  "  lies  at  the  west  base  of  the 
range  at  about  3,000  feet  elevation.  It  is  situated  on  a  rushing  moun- 
tain stream,  in  a  narrow,  high-walled  valley.  The  vegetation  along  the 
stream  is  Transitional  in  character,  consisting  of  live-oaks,  sycamores, 
willows,  cottonwoods,  etc.  The  sides  of  the  canon  are  Sonoran,  the 
vegetation  being  chiefly  cacti,  yuccas,  and  mesquites.  The  giant  cereus  is 
of  rather  rare  occurrence,  and  this  is  apparently  its  northern  limit  on  the 
Pacific  slope  of  the  peninsula."  Rosarito  was  the  next  camping-place, 
where  three  days  were  passed.  This  spot  is  "  about  forty  miles  south 
of  San  Antonio  and  about  the  same  distance  due  east  of  San  Quentin, 
situated  in  a  shallow  valley  near  the  southwest  edge  of  the  San  Pedro 
Martir  Mountains,  at  about  3,500  feet  altitude.  A  small  stream  rises  in 
the  valley  and  flows  down  a  narrow  canon  to  the  Pacific.  The  vegeta- 
tion is  mostly  Sonoran,  various  species  of  cacti,  chiefly  Opuntia  and 
Cereus,  forming  the  greatest  part  of  the  flora,  and  mesquite,  creosote,  yuccas, 
and  mescal  the  tallest  growth.  A  few  desert  palms  are  widely  scattered  in 
the  canon  bed,  which  have  entered  the  valley  from  the  east  and  here 
reach  their  northern  limit  on  the  coast."  From  Rosarito  a  short  trip 
was  made  across  the  lower  part  of  the  range  to  Mattoni,  on  the  edge  of 
the  desert,  the  haunts  of  the  mountain  sheep,  where  two  weeks  were 
passed  mostly  in  hunting  the  rare  O.  c.  nelsoni,  or  an  animal  similar 
to  it.  Mattoni  is  "about  forty  miles  south  of  Rosarito,  and  is  a  wide 
level  valley,  walled  in  by  gigantic  cliffs,  1,500  to  2,000  feet  high,  which 
terminate  the  broad  mesas  of  the  higher  country.  A  shallow  canon, 
containing  pools  of  water  and  a  heavy  growth  of  palms,  extends  east 
through  the  valley  towards  the  Gulf  of  California.  This  region  is  mostly 
a  lava  and  granite  formation,  and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  mountain  sheep. 
Giant  cereus  cacti,  mesquite,  creosote,  and  mescal  constitute  the  greater 
part  of  the  vegetation.  About  the  summits  of  the  cliffs  and  mesas  a  few 
pihon,  pines,  Pinus parryana,  occur."  This  valley  is  from  1,500  to  2,000  feet 
above  sea  level.  North  of  Mattoni  ten  days  were  next  passed  at  Parral, 
a  small  valley  of  a  similar  formation,  and  the  next  camp  was  made  at 
Rosarito  Divide,  where  he  remained  two  days.  This  spot  was  "about 
twenty  miles  east  of  Rosarito,  near  the  main  ridge  of  the  mountains, 
dividing  the  coast  from  the  Gulf  of  California  at  an  altitude  of  about 
5,000  feet.  The  camp  was  placed  on  the  west  slope  in  a  canon  which 
drains  the  Rosarito  Valley.  The  vegetation  is  a  mixture  of  Transition 
and  Sonoran.  Here  the  pinon  and  the  desert  palm,  the  scrub-oaks  and 
the  mescal,  the  ash  and  the  yucca,  mingle."  Mr.  Heller  now  went  to  San 
Quentin  on  the  coast.     Of  this  place  he  writes  :  "  The  region  about  here 


204  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.   III. 

is  a  low,  flat,  sandy  plain,  several  miles  wide  and  extending  for  many 
miles  parallel  to  the  coast.  It  is  flanked  by  a  mesa  a  hundred  feet  higher 
and  of  about  the  same  appearance  and  extent,  but  bounded  on  the  east 
by  low  hills,  which  gradually  rise  to  the  higher  interior  mountains.  The 
region  is  covered  with  a  fair  growth  of  small  bushes  and  cacti,  with  a  few 
scattered  giant  cereus.  About  the  river-beds  a  few  willows  and  cotton- 
woods  occur,  but  nowhere  else  is  any  vegetation,  approximating  trees  in 
size,  to  be  found.  Near  the  mouth  of  the  San  Simon  river  a  lagoon  of 
fresh  water  occurs,  which  is  surrounded  by  a  heavy  growth  of  succulent 
weeds  and  grasses.  This  narrow  strip  of  country,  bordering  the  desert,  has 
a  cool,  damp  climate,  quite  different  from  that  met  with  a  few  miles 
inland."  The  latter  part  of  July  Mr.  Heller  left  San  Quentin  for  the 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  with  the  intention  of  penetrating  among 
the  high  peaks  and  exploring  the  lofty  parts  of  the  range.  His  first 
camp  was  at  Agua  Juncolito,  where  a  stay  of  but  one  day  was  made, 
and  then  he  proceeded  to  another  spring  called  Agua  Escondido,  where 
he  remained  four  days,  and  then  passed  on  to  Santa  Eulalia,  at  the  south 
end  of  the  mountains,  at  an  elevation  of  6,000  feet,  and  the  southern 
limit  of  the  pine  forests.  Here  he  remained  two  weeks  and  obtained  a 
considerable  number  of  very  desirable  specimens.  He  then  went  to 
Santa  Rosa,  15  miles  north,  elevation  7,000  feet,  where  the  pine  forests 
were  more  extensive  and  denser.  He  remained  but  two  days  at  this 
camp  and  then  went  to  La  Grulla,  "  a  meadow  about  the  center  of  the 
range  and  near  the  west  base  of  the  highest  peaks,  at  an  elevation  of 
about  8,000  feet  ;  pine  forests  heavy,  the  largest  trees  on  the  mountains." 
Eleven  days  were  passed  in  this  camp,  and  he  then  went  to  Vallecitos,  "a 
series  of  small  meadows  near  the  north  end  of  the  mountains,  averaging 
about  9,000  feet  elevation  ;  forest  composed  of  various  species  of  pines  ; 
the  eastern  part  bordering  the  desert  slope."  Aguaje  de  las  Fresas  was 
the  next  stopping-place,  a  spring  "in  a  small  canon  on  the  northern 
slope,  at  about  6,000  feet  elevation  and  near  the  lower  limit  of  the  pines." 
The  next  camp  was  made  at  Pifion,  "  near  the  north  base  of  the  moun- 
tain, at  about  5,000  feet  altitude,  the  lower  limit  of  the  yellow  pine.  The 
final  stopping-place  in  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains  was  made  at  El 
Alamo.  This  place  "  is  situated  on  the  western  edge  of  a  large  plain,  at 
an  elevation  of  at  least  3,500  feet.  It  is  separated  from  the  coast  by  a 
considerable  range  of  hills,  and  from  the  desert  by  the  Hanson  Laguna 
Mountains.  The  plain  is  covered  by  a  scattered  growth  of  juniper, 
pihon,  manzanita,  chamiso,  mesquite,  yucca,  etc."  In  reviewing  his 
journey  Mr.  Heller  writes:  "The  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains  were 
thoroughly  explored.  They  were  ascended  at  their  southern  extremity 
the  first  part  of  August  and  camps  were  made  at  intervals  on  the  ridge  to 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  205 

the  extreme  north  end,  where  we  descended  in  October.  The  highest 
peaks  were  ascended  and  both  the  gulf  and  coast  slopes  examined.  A 
good  series  of  deer  were  obtained  and  series  of  all  the  small  mammals 
taken,  but  carnivores  were  rare  everywhere,  although  especial  attention 
was  given  them."  From  his  last  camp  at  El  Alamo  Mr.  Heller  passed 
northward  to  the  Hanson  Laguna  range,  which  is  separated  from  the 
San  Pedro  Martir  by  a  gap  of  considerable  extent.  A  visit  to  these 
mountains  was  desirable  in  order  to  determine  the  northern  ranges  of  the 
species  found  to  the  south.  The  Hanson  Laguna  is  the  southern  limit 
of  many  forms  found  in  southern  California.  Mr.  Heller's  description 
of  this  range  is  as  follows  :  "  The  range  extends  north  and  south  without 
any  appreciable  culmination  into  peaks  anywhere.  Its  broad,  even  charac- 
ter ceases  at  31  °  35'  north  latitude,  and  the  range  is  continued  south  of 
this  point  by  a  series  of  broken  peaks,  which  rise  somewhat  higher  than 
the  northern  unbroken  portion,  but  lack  the  pine  forest.  To  the  north 
of  the  Hanson  Lagoon,  which  is  situated  on  the  summit  at  about  5,000 
feet  elevation,  among  open  groves  of  yellow  pine,  the  range  continues  its 
unbroken  character  as  far  as  the  eye  could  discern,  but  falls  away  consid- 
erably before  reaching  the  line,  the  summit  near  Campo,  San  Diego 
County,  Cal.,  being  not  much  over  3,000  feet,  and  lacking  pine  forests  for 
almost  a  score  of  miles  north  and  south.  To  the  southwest  the  range 
merges  almost  imperceptibly  into  the  Santa  Catarina,  or  Alamo,  plain, 
and  slightly  more  abruptly  to  the  east  and  north  into  the  Real  del  Cas- 
tillo Valley.  The  entire  eastern  slope  is  an  abrupt  descent  to  the  Colo- 
rado Desert.  This  slope  is  everywhere  of  a  bold  rugged  granite  forma- 
tion. The  crest  of  the  range  is  considerably  nearer  the  gulf  coast  or 
Colorado  River  than  the  Pacific,  but  the  drainage  is  chiefly  toward  the 
west.  The  summit  is  entirely  of  a  granite  formation,  and  a  considerable 
part  of  it  is  covered  by  huge  boulders  of  decomposition  similar  to  the 
San  Pedro  Martir  range. 

"The  mountains  are  covered  from  4,000  ft.  to  the  summit  by  a  con- 
tinuous forest  growth  of  yellow  pine,  Pinus  jeffreyi.  Scattered  among 
these  groves  are  a  few  big  cone  pine,  P.  coulteri,  and  incense  cedar, 
Tibocedrus  decurrens.  Below  the  pines  on  both  slopes  a  scattered  growth 
of  pihon  pines,  P.quadrifolia,  occur,  and  on  the  desert  slope  below  4,500 
ft.  another  pinon,  P.  monophylla,  forms  a  heavy  growth.  The  oaks, 
Quercus  chrysolepis,  Q.  wislizeni,  and  Q.  californicus,  form  a  considerable 
part  of  the  forest  at  all  altitudes  above  4,000  ft.  The  chaparral  consists 
of  scrub-oaks,  several  species  of  Ceanothus,  chamiso,  manzanita,  Phamnus, 
etc.,  and  predominates  below  4,000  ft. 

"  The  transition  zone  as  bounded  by  the  yellow  pine  extends  from 
4,000  ft.  on  the  west  slope  over  the  range  to  4,500  ft.  on  the  east  slope. 


206  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,   Vol.  III. 

The  desert  Sonoran  zone  reaches  an  altitude  of  about  4,500  as  marked  by 
the  upper  limits  of  the  desert  palms,  yuccas,  mescal,  and  mesquites.  The 
upper  Sonoran  on  the  west  slope  does  not  reach  so  high  by  at  least  500  ft. 
as  marked  by  the  mesquites,  yuccas,  and  mescal  plants. 

"  On  the  south  the  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains  are  separated  from  the 
San  Pedro  Martir  by  a  stretch  of  about  fifty  miles  of  broken  hills  and 
mesas,  and  at  San  Matias  Pass  by  a  short  strip  of  desert.  This  inter- 
vening country  ranges  from  3,000  to  6,000  feet  but  lacks  the  yellow  pine 
forests  of  the  lagoon  region.  The  pihon  belt  however  is  practically  con- 
tinuous except  on  the  short  desert  strip  at  San  Matias  Pass." 

After  leaving  El  Alamo  his  first  camp  was  atOjos  Negros,  whence 
he  passed  on  to  Hanson  Lagoon,  about  5,000  feet  altitude,  then  to  Agua 
Escondido,  Palomar,  and  Labozo,  all  in  the  same  vicinity.  Farther  ex- 
ploration was  prevented  by  a  snowstorm — it  was  now  the  17th  of  Novem- 
ber— which  drove  him  out  of  the  mountains  and  compelled  his  return  to 
Ensenada  on  the  coast.  A  large  and  valuable  collection  of  mammals  was 
obtained  from  the  two  ranges  and  the  coast  regions  on  either  side,  the 
only  one  in  fact  in  any  way  approaching  completeness,  that  has  ever  been 
procured  in  this  country. 

A  map  of  the  region  traversed  by  Mr.  Heller,  with  his  routes  indi- 
cated, accompanies  this  paper.  A  great  portion  of  these  mountain 
ranges  has  never  been  surveyed  by  the  government,  and  such  maps  as  are 
published  are  very  incomplete,  and  none  of  the  places  visited  by  Mr. 
Heller  is  recorded.  While  not  claiming  for  the  present  map  any  extreme 
accuracy,  it  nevertheless  shows  in  detail  the  position  of  the  various  local- 
ities mentioned,  where  camps  were  made  and  the  collection  procured,  and 
it  is  hoped  it  may  be  found  serviceable  to  those  investigating  the  fauna  of 
this  region.  It  was  constructed  from  a  sketch  map  made  by  Mr.  Heller 
on  his  journey,  with  the  assistance  of  the  charts  of  northern  Lower  Cali- 
fornia published  by  the  United  States  Government.  The  views  given  in 
the  plates  are  from  photographs  taken  by  Mr.  Heller  in  the  places  named. 

ORDER  UNGULATA. 

FAM.  CERVID^E. 

ODOCOILEUS. 
Odocoileus  hemionus. 

Odocoileus  hemionus.  (Rafin.)  Am.  Month.  Mag.,  181 7,  1,  p. 
436,  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  1901,  p.  42. 

1  Specimen:   San  Quentin,  Pacific  coast. 

This  is  a  buck  two  or  three  years  old,  with  the  pure  white  tail  and 
black   tip.      I  cannot  refer  the   specimen   to   any   other   species   or 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  207 

race,  nor  can  I  explain  its  appearance  so  far  down  the  coast,  when 
all  the  examples  taken  in  the  mountains  are  referable  to  O.  h. 
calif ornicus ;  unless  it  is  confined  to  the  coast  in  its  dispersion. 
Of  this  I  have  no  knowledge,  for  this  specimen  was  the  only  deer 
taken  in  the  lowlands.  Although  killed  on  the  4th  of  August,  the 
horns  are  dark  and  hard,  as  if  the  velvet  had  been  shed  for  some 
time,  and  the  coat  is  that  of  autumn. 

Odocoileus  hemionus  californicus. 

Odocoileus  hemionus  californicus.  (Caton.)  Am.  Nat., 1876,  p.  464. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  43. 

14  Specimens:  2$  Hanson  Lagoon,  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains; 
3,  Santa  Eulalia,  2$,  iS;  7,  Vallecitos,  3^,  4$;  2,  Parral,  i$,  i2;  San 
Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 

I  refer  all  these  specimens  to  this  race.  The  majority  are  smaller 
than  the  average  O.  hemionus,  and  they  have  a  strongly  defined 
narrow  line  on  the  center  of  the  tail  above,  which  is  the  character- 
istic distinction  of  the  form  described  by  Judge  Caton.  None  of 
the  specimens  are  very  old,  though  some  of  the  bucks  have  fair- 
sized  horns,  the  largest  having  five  points  and  a  spread  of  20  inches, 
(510  millimeters).  The  horns  while  similar  to  those  of  the  mule 
deer  differ  slightly  in  the  manner  in  which  the  branching  of  the 
tines  takes  place.  Two  of  the  specimens  from  Santa  Eulalia  and 
two  from  Parral  are  in  the  full  summer  coat,  a  peculiar  yellowish 
brown  pelage  that  I  have  never  seen  in  any  of  our  Northern  deer, 
and  all  the  specimens  have  a  conspicuous  black  line  running  from 
between  the  ears  to  the  root  of  the  tail.  I  do  not  know  the  form 
described  by  Lydekker  (Deer  of  all  Lands,  p.  276)  as  Mazama  h. 
peninsula  and  do  not  see  that  he  gives  any  characters  to  separate  it 
from  O.  h.  californicus,  except  its  smaller  size,  and  as  he  only  had 
skins  of  females  and  young  males  to  judge  by,  he  may,  very  natu- 
rally, have  been  misled  as  to  what  might  be  the  size  of  an  adult  male. 
The  tail,  with  a  "  narrow  line  "  connecting  the  black  dorsal  band 
with  the  black  extremity,  or  in  its  absence  replaced  by  "  a  broad 
ring  of  pale,  straw-colored  hair,"  would  answer  in  the  former  for  the 
O.  h.  californicus,  and  the  latter  possibly  might  do  for  O. 
hemionus.  The  fourteen  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Heller  repre- 
sent all  sizes,  but  as  proven,  by  the  skulls,  this  is  entirely  a  matter  of 
age,  and  one  or  two  of  the  older  bucks  are  large  animals,  equalling 
the  average  O.  hemionus. 


208  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.   III. 

FAM.  ANTILOCAPRID^. 

ANTILOCAPRA. 

Antilocapra  a.  mexicana. 

Antilocapra  a.  mexicana.     Merr.     Proc.  Biol.  Soc,  Wash.,   1901, 

P-  3i- 

1.  S  Juv.,  San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California. 

"  At  rare  intervals  antelope  have  been  observed  at  Rosarito"  ;  tracks 
were  seen  at  San  Matias  Spring  ;  and  the  animals  "occasionally  come 
into  the  Canon  Esperanza  for  water  from  the  near-lying  desert."  At 
San  Quentin  "a  few  occurred  until  recently  west  of  the  bay  on  the 
north  end  of  the  peninsula  west  of  the  town.  This  was  apparently 
their  northern  range  on  the  Pacific  coast.  It  is  not  rare  on  the  coast 
south  of  this  place."  At  San  Felipe  Bay  on  the  eastern  coast  "a  few 
antelope  inhabit  the  plains  near  the  bay,  but  from  the  number  of 
tracks  seen  there  are  probably  less  than  a  dozen.  No  herds  of  any 
size  occur  and  they  are  usually  seen  singly  or  in  bunches  of  three  or 
four.  The  Indians  report  seeing  as  many  as  fifteen  occasionally 
in  a  band." 

FAM.  BOVID^. 
OVIS. 
Ovis  cervina  nelsoni  (?) 

Ovis  cervina  nelsoni.  (Merr.)  Proc.  Biol.  Soc,  Wash.,  1897,  p. 
217.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  iii.,  p.  46. 

13  Specimens:  n  ad.  2,  1  6  juv.,  1  2  juv.  Mattoni,  San  Pedro 
Martir  Mountains. 

I  refer  all  these  specimens  to  the  form  described  by  Dr.  Merriam 
from  the  Grape  Vine  Mountains,  boundary  line  of  Nevada  and  Cali- 
fornia, with  some  doubt.  It  is  very  difficult  merely  from  a  brief  de- 
scription to  determine  with  any  certainty  whether  two  closely  allied 
individuals  from  widely  separated  localities  are  of  the  same  species  or 
not,  and  as  there  are  already  too  many  named  forms  of  mountain 
sheep,  I  have  no  desire  to  introduce  another  doubtful  one,  and  for 
the  present  at  all  events,  prefer  to  retain  these  specimens  under  the 
above  name,  until  they  can  be  compared  with  topotypes  of  the 
race  named  by  Dr.  Merriam,  and  a  satisfactory  decision  be  reached. 
The  San  Pedro  Martir  sheep  is  a  small  animal,  with  all  the  under 
parts,  except  a  small  white  patch  on  the  inguinal  region  and  front 
part  of  fore  and  hind   legs,  blackish  brown.     White  rump   patch, 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  209 

very  large  and  not  divided  in  the  middle.     Mr.    Heller's  notes  on 
this  species  are  as  follows  : 

"  Common  about  the  cliffs,  coming  down  occasionally  to  the  water 
holes  in  the  valley.  Most  of  the  sheep  observed  were  either  solitary 
or  in  small  bands  of  three  to  a  dozen.  Only  one  adult  ram  was 
seen,  all  the  others,  about  thirty,  being  either  ewes  or  lambs.  The 
largest  bunch  seen  consisted  of  eleven,  mostly  ewes  and  a  few  young 
rams.  The  sheep  as  a  rule  inhabit  the  middle  line  of  cliffs  where 
they  are  safe  from  attack  above  and  can  watch  the  valley  below 
for  danger.  Here  about  the  middle  line  of  cliffs  they  were  observed 
and  the  greater  number  of  tracks  and  dust  wallows  where  they  spend 
much  of  their  time  were  seen.  A  few  were  seen  on  the  level  stretches 
of  the  mesas,  and  a  considerable  number  of  tracks,  but  these  were 
made  by  those  traveling  from  one  line  of  cliffs  to  another.  They 
are  constantly  on  guard  and  very  little  of  their  time  is  given  to 
browsing.  Their  usual  method  is  to  feed  about  some  high  cliffs  or 
rocks  taking  an  occasional  mouthful  of  brush  and  then  suddenly 
throwing  up  the  head  and  gazing  and  listening  for  a  long  time  before 
again  taking  food.  Theyare  not  alarmed  by  scent, like  deer  or  antelope, 
the  direction  of  the  wind  apparently  making  no  difference  in  hunt- 
ing them.  A  small  bunch  of  six  were  observed  for  a  considerable 
time  feeding.  Their  method  seemed  to  be  much  the  same  as  in- 
dividuals, except  that  when  danger  was  suspected  by  any  member  he 
would  give  a  few  quick  leaps  and  all  the  flock  would  scamper  to 
some  high  rock  and  face  about  in  various  directions,  no  two  looking 
the  same  way.  These  manceuvers  were  often  performed,  perhaps  once 
every  fifteen  minutes.  Their  chief  enemy  is  the  mountain  lion,  which 
hunts  them  on  the  cliffs,  apparently  never  about  watering  places. 
Lion  tracks  were  not  rare  about  the  sheep  runs.  They  are  extremely 
wary  about  coming  down  for  water  and  take  every  precaution. 
Before  leaving  the  cliffs  to  cross  the  valley  to  water  they  usually 
select  some  high  ridge  and  descend  along  this,  gazing  constantly  at 
the  spring,  usually  halting  ten  or  more  minutes  on  every  prominent 
rocky  point.  When  within  a  hundred  yards  or  less  of  the  water  a 
long  careful  search  is  made  and  a  great  deal  of  ear-work  performed, 
the  head  being  turned  first  to  one  side  and  then  to  the  other.  When 
they  do  at  last  satisfy  themselves  they  make  a  bolt  and  drink  quickly, 
stopping  occasionally  to  listen  and  look  for  danger.  If,  however, 
they  should  be  surprised  at  the  water  they  do  not  flee  at  once,  but 
gaze  for  some  time  at  the  intruder  and  then  go  a  short  way  and  take 
another  look,  and  so  on  until  at  last  they  break  into  a  steady  run  for 
the  cliffs.     At  least  thirty  sheep  were  observed  at  the  water  and  none 


210  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.   III. 

came  before  9:30  A.  M.  or  later  than  2:30  P.  M.,  most  coming  down 
between  12:00  M.  and  1:00  P.M.  This  habit  has  probably  been 
established  to  avoid  lions,  which  are  seldom  about  during  the  hottest 
part  of  the  day.  A  few  ewes  were  seen  with  two  lambs,  but  the 
greater  number  had  only  one.  Most  of  the  young  appeared  about 
two  months  old.  Their  usual  gait  was  a  short  gallop,  seldom  a 
walk  or  trot." 

ORDER  RODENTIA. 

FAM.  SCIURID/E. 

SCIURUS. 

Sciurus  douglasi  mearnsi. 

Sciurus  douglasi  mearnsi.  Towns.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc,  Wash.,  1897, 
p.  146. 

6  Specimens:  4  Vallecitos;  2  La  Grulla,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts., 
9,000  feet  elevation. 

TAMIAS. 
Tamias  obscurus. 

Tamias  obscurus.    Allen.   Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.   Hist.,   1890,  p.  70. 

38  Examples:  1  Aguaji  de  las  Fresas;  11  La  Grulla;  13  St.  Eula- 
lia;  7  Vallecitos;  2  Rosarito;  1  Santa  Rosa;  San  Pedro  Martir  Moun- 
tains; 3  Hanson  Lagoon,  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains. 

Most  of  these  specimens  are  in  post-breeding  pelage,  and  have  a 
very  different  appearance  from  the  type  described  by  Dr.  Allen, 
which  is  in  winter  pelage  and  resembles  the  three  examples  from 
Hanson  Lagoon.  The  post-breeding  pelage  is  very  bright,  the  five 
dark  dorsal  streaks  being  very  conspicuous,  and  of  a  bright  chestnut 
color,  the  central  one  being  black  on  lower  half.  The  four  gray 
dorsal  streaks  are  also  strongly  accentuated  and  the  flanks  are  tawny 
ochraceous  or  ochraceous  rufus.  Altogether  it  is  a  very  different 
looking  animal  in  the  August  and  September  dress  from  that  in 
which  it  is  clothed  in  May  and  November.  This  species  is  a  dweller 
of  high  elevations,  its  lower  limit  being  about  the  level  of  the  "east- 
ern edge  of  the  Alamo  plain." 

CITELLUS. 
Citellus  leucurus. 

Tamias  leucurus.  Merr.  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  2,  1889,  p.  20. 
Spermophilus  leucurus.       Elliot,  Syn.   N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  86. 

13  Specimens:  4  San  Matias  Spring;  2  Parral;  1  Trinidad,  San 
Pedro  Martir  Mountains;  6  San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California. 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  211 

Mr.  Heller  states  that  this  species  reaches  its  "western  limit  at 
Trinidad,  and  is  one  of  the  forms  that  came  in  through  the  pass 
from  the  desert,  and  the  pifion  zone  limits  its  vertical  range. ,r  It 
was  "common  on  the  desert  a  mile  or  more  from  the  base  of  the 
range,"  but  at  San  Felipe  Bay  it  was  outnumbered  by  C.  tereticaudus 
and  was  "seen  in  only  a  few  places,  usually  about  rough  canon  walls." 

Citellus  leucurus  peninsulae. 

Tamias  leucurus  peninsulae.  Allen.  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist., 
1893,  p.  197. 

13  Examples:  1  El  Alamo,  2  Agua  Escondido,  San  Pedro  Martir 
Mts.;  10  San  Quentin,  Pacific  coast. 

This  race  would  seem  to  be  more  a  dweller  of  the  lowlands  than 
of  the  mountains,  and  is  not  found  east  of  the  San  Pedro  Martir 
range.  At  El  Alamo  Mr.  Heller  states  that  "several  were  seen  in  the 
more  sterile  portions.  They  apparently  do  not  hibernate  anywhere 
in  their  range  as  some  were  seen  the  latter  part  of  November  about 
the  northern  part  of  this  chain,  which  is  probably  their  upper  limit. 
At  San  Quentin  it  was  abundant  about  the  creek-beds  and  hills." 

Citellus  tereticaudus. 

Spermophilus  tereticaudus.  Baird.  N.Am.  Mamm.,  1857,  p.  315. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  98. 

18  Specimens.     San  Felipe  Bay,  Gulf  of  California. 

Mr.  Heller  says  that  this  species  "was  very  common  about  the  bay. 
Their  burrows  were  usually  placed  in  the  shelter  of  thorny  bushes. 
They  were  evidently  just  assuming  their  summer  pelage  during  the 
first  part  of  April  as  two  pelages  were  secured  among  the  specimens 
taken.  It  has  a  peculiar  mellow  whistle.  It  was  seen  in  San  Matias 
Pass  on  the  Pacific  slope,  not  far  from  Trinidad,  but  in  that  region 
it  was  much  less  common  than  £.  leucurus,  which  prefers  the  higher 
parts  of  the  desert." 

Citellus  variegatus  fisheri. 

Spermophilus  beecheyi  fisheri.  Merr.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc,  Wash., 
1893,  p.  133. 

Spermophilus  grammurus  fisheri.  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  A.  Mamm., 
1901,  p.  88. 

31  Specimens:  1  Trinidad,  1  Las  Eucinas,  1  El  Alamo,  2  San 
Matias  Springs,  1  Vallecitos,  3  La  Grulla,  3  San  Antonio,  6  Santa 
Eulalia,  1  Mattoni,  7  Parral,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains;  3  San 
Quentin,  Pacific  coast;  2  Hanson  Lagoon,  Hanson  Laguna  Moun- 
tains. 

All   these  agree  with  the  typical  style  of  this  race,  except  the  El 


212  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.   III. 

Alamo  example,  two  from  La  Grulla,  and  two  from  Hanson  Lagoon, 
which  have  hoary  tails  like  those  of  C.  v.  douglasi,  but  as  the  others — 
some  from  La  Grulla,  collected  at  the  same  time — have  the  yel- 
lowish brown  tail  similar  to  that  of  S.  v.  beecheyi,  it  is  probably 
either  an  individual  peculiarity  or  else  one  indicating  age.  What- 
ever may  be  the  cause,  it  renders  these  particular  specimens  very 
conspicuous  when  compared  with  the  others  of  the  series.  This 
spermophile  was  not  uncommon  in  the  localities  in  which  it  was 
found,  living  among  the  rocks  and  following  the  live-oak  zone  south. 

FAM.  MURID^. 
ONYCHOMYS. 
Onychomys  macrotis. 

Onychomys  macrotis.  Elliot.  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903,  p. 
155  Zoology. 

4  Specimens:  1  Trinidad,  1  El  Alamo,  1  head  of  San  Antonio 
River,   San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains;   1  San  Quentin,  Pacific  coast. 

This  genus  was  apparently  very  poorly  represented  throughout 
the  region  traversed  by  Mr.  Heller,  as  the  four  examples  mentioned 
above  were  the  only  ones  obtained.  It  is  a  pale  species  with  large 
ears  and  long  tail  for  an  Onychomys,  and  has  nothing  in  common  with 
O.  ramona,  its  nearest  geographical  relative  from  San  Bernardino 
Valley,  southern  California.  I  believe  the  present  specimens  are 
the  only  ones  recorded  as  having  been  taken  in  Lower  California, 
although  several  forms  are  supposed  to  inhabit  different  portions  of 
the  peninsula. 

PEROMYSCUS. 
Peromyscus  thurberi. 

Peromyscus  thurberi.  Allen.  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  1895, 
P-  !93- 

Sitomys  Americanus  medius.  Mearns.  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  1895, 
p.  446. 

72  Specimens:  14  Ensenada,  2  El  Alamo,  1  Salado  River  Canon, 
1  Las  Eucinas,  3  Trinidad,  5  head  of  San  Antonio  River,  1  San 
Matias  Springs,  2  San  Felipe,  2  Aguaje  de  las  Fresas,  6  Vallecitos,  6 
La  Grulla,  3  Santa  Rosa,  14  Santa  Eulalia,  2  Juncalito,  6  Rosarito, 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains;  4  San  Quentin,  Pacific  coast. 

This  species  obtained  by  Mr.  Thurber  and  described  by  Dr.  Allen 
is  but  little  known  to  naturalists  by  specimens  from  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, as  it  was  supposed  to  be  restricted  to  the  higher  ranges  of  the 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  213 

San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains.  The  present  series  demonstrates 
completely  that  this  is  far  from  being  a  fact,  and  that  the  species  is 
not  only  met  with  on  both  the  east  and  west  coasts — San  Felipe  and 
Ensenada  to  San  Quentin,  from  which  localities  examples  were  pro- 
cured— but  that  its  range  extends  also  into  southern  California  at 
least  north  to  the  Colorado  Desert,  and  the  reason  it  was  not  recog- 
nized on  the  coast  and  in  southern  California  was  that  the  speci- 
mens from  these  localities  had  been  described  under  another  name, 
P.  t.  medius,  Mearns. 

That  this  form  is  identical  with  P.  thurberi  is  established  by  these 
Lower  California  examples.  I  have  received  for  comparison  with  my 
large  series  of  thurberi,  through  the  kindness  of  G.  S.  Miller,  Jr.,  Ass. 
Curator  of  Mammals,  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum,  eighteen  specimens  of  so- 
called  P.  t.  medius  from  Rosa  Canon,  San  Diego  Co.,  California,  be- 
longing to  the  collection  of  the  National  Museum,  and  six  of  the  same 
from  the  New  York  Museum  (2  from  Sanos  Cedros,  Calif.,  2  from 
Jacumba,  Calif.,  and  two  from  the  Nashaguerro  Valley,  Lower  Califor- 
nia), the  latter  being  topotypes  of  medius.  In  this  (Field)  Museum  we 
have  eleven  specimens  of  medius,  2  from  San  Juan,  Calif.,  1  from  Cuya- 
maco,  Calif.,  1  from  Jamul,  Calif.,  and  7  from  San  Antonio,  Califor- 
nia; 35  specimens  in  all  of  so-called  medius ;  not  a  large  series,  but 
sufficient  to  demonstrate  the  value  of  its  claims  to  a  distinctive 
rank,  if  it  possessed  any.  After  a  very  careful  examination  of  these 
and  my  series  of  77  specimens  of  thurberi,  (for  in  addition  to  those 
in  Mr.  Heller's  collection  there  are  five  others  in  the  museum,  two 
of  which  are  topotypes  collected  by  Thurber),  I  do  not  find  a  single 
character  either  in  color  of  pelage  or  in  the  skull  to  separate  medius 
from  thurberi.  Dr.  Mearns  says  that  medius  is  a  coast  form,  west  of 
the  coast  range.  There  are  before  me  14  examples  from  Ensenada 
on  the  coast  which  are  identically  the  same  as  thurberi  from  locali- 
ties in  the  high  mountains,  and  these  resemble  precisely  topotypes 
of  medius  from  the  Nashaguerro  Valley.  Also  topotypes  of  thurberi 
from  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains  agree  in  every  way  with  speci- 
mens of  medius  from  southern  California.  The  mountain  speci- 
mens, those  from  the  coast  and  also  those  from  the  plains  in  both 
the  paler  or  darker  pelage,  can  equally  be  matched  one  with  the 
other  irrespective  of  locality,  and  it  is  a  hopeless  task  to  find  any- 
thing by  which  they  can  be  separated.  As  the  name  thurberi  has 
years  priority  over  medius,  it  will  be  the  one  by  which  this  species 
will  be  known,  and  it  has  a  wide  range  from  southern  California 
as  far  north  certainly  as  the  Colorado  Desert,  south  into  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, possibly   to  San   Quentin  on  the  coast  and  perhaps   farther, 


214  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.   III. 

and  throughout  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains  up  to  at  least  six 
thousand  feet  elevation,  and  thence  to  the  east  coast,  as  the  speci- 
mens were  taken,  as  will  be  noticed,  at  San  Felipe  bordering  the  Gulf 
of  California.  The  four  specimens  from  San  Quentin  have  been 
referred  to  P.  thurberi,  but  with  some  hesitation. 

Peromyscus  hemionotis. 

Peromyscus  hemionotis.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903, 
iii,  p.  157,  Zoology. 

2  Specimens  from  the  Rosarito  Divide,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

Peromyscus  gaurus. 

Peromyscus  gaurus.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903,  iii, 
p.    157,  Zoology. 

6  Examples  from  San  Antonio,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

Mr.  Heller  says  this  mouse  was  common  about  the  borders  of  the 
stream,  but  only  six  were  secured. 

Peromyscus  homochroia. 

Peromyscus  homochroia.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903, 
iii,  p.  158,  Zoology. 

21  Specimens  from  San  Quentin. 

Mr.  Heller,  referring  to  this  species,  as  I  believe,  says  it  was  com- 
mon about  the  San  Simon  Canon. 

Peromyscus  oresterus. 

Peromyscus  oresterus.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903, 
iii,  p.  159,  Zoology. 

15  Examples  Hanson  Lagoon,  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains. 

Peromyscus  fraterculus. 

Peromyscus  fraterculus.  Miller,  Am.  Nat.,  1892,  p.  261.  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  136. 

34  Specimens:  5  Ensenada,  2  Las  Eucinas,  8  Trinidad,  5  head  of 
San  Antonio  River,  7  San  Antonio,  3  Rosarito,  4  San  Quentin. 

This  species  was  quite  abundant  wherever  met  with. 

Peromyscus  martirensis. 

Peromyscus  martirensis.  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  1893, 
p.   187. 

73  Examples:  2  San  Matias  Spring,  2  Pinon,  9  Aguaje  de  las 
Fresas,  8  Vallecitos,  7  La  Grulla,  7  Santa  Rosa,  9  Santa  Eulalia, 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains;  1  Calobozo,  6  Palomar,  4  Agua 
Escondido,  18  Hanson  Lagoon,  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains. 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  215 

Evidently  an  abundant  species  in  the  higher  parts  of  the  mountains. 

"  Common  about  Aguaje  de  las  Fresas,  at  6,000  feet;  secured  also  at 
Pinon  at  5,000  feet,  and  at  La  Grulla  at  8,000  feet.  A  single  one 
taken  at  Vallecitos  at  9,000  feet,  which  attitude  is  evidently  its  upper 
limit;  not  found  below  5,000  feet." 

Peromyscus  eremicus. 

Peromyscus  eremicus.  Baird,  Mamm.  N.  Am.,  1857,  p.  497. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  136. 

42  Specimens:  3  Trinidad,  9  San  Matias  Spring,  12  Canon  Es- 
peranza,  1  head  San  Antonio  River,  6  Parral,  5  Mattoni,  5  Rosarito, 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mts.;  1  Palomar,  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains. 

Peromyscus  insignis. 

Peromyscus  insignis.  Rhoads,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  Phil.,  1895, 
p.  33.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  138. 

18  Specimens:  2  Ensenada,  1  Trinidad,  8  Las  Eucinas,  1  Rosarito, 
1  Rosarito  Divide,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts.;  5  San  Quentin,  Pacific 
coast. 

RHITHRODONTOMYS. 

Rhithrodontomys  peninsulae. 

Rhithrodontomys  peninsulae.  Elliot,  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903, 
iii,  p.  164,  Zoology. 

15  Specimens  from  San  Quentin,  Lower  California. 

"Common  near  the  coast  in  damp  meadows,  but  disappears  a  few 
miles  inland." 

Rhithrodontomys  1.  pallidus. 

Rhithrodontomys  1.  pallidus.  Rhoads,  Am.  Nat.,  1893,  p.  835. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  152. 

2  Examples:      1  Las  Eucinas,  1  Trinidad,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

Evidently  rare,  as  onlv  two  could  be  obtained.  "The  one  at  Las 
Eucinas  was  taken  in  the  bed  of  a  creek." 

NEOTOMA. 
Neotoma  intermedia. 

Neotoma  intermedia.  Rhoads,  Am.  Nat.,  XXVII. ,  1894,  p.  69. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  161. 

65  Specimens:  4  Ensenada,  1  El  Alamo,  2  Agua  San  Matias,  1 
Aguaje  de  las  Fresas,  8  Vallecitos,  3  La  Grulla,  5  San  Antonio,  1 
Santa  Rosa,  11  St.  Eulalia,  4  head  of  San  Antonio  River,  7  Parral(?), 


216  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.   III. 

2  Rosarito  Divide,  5  Rosarito,  1  Agua  Escondido,  4  San  Quentin, 
San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains;  2  Palomar,  3  Hanson  Lagoon,  1  Agua 
Escondido,  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains. 

This  series,  including  various  ages  and  colors  of  pelage,  I  refer 
to  N.  i/itermedia.  The  color  varies  greatly  among  individuals,  even 
of  the  same  locality,  from  the  pale  brownish  gray  and  black  of  the 
typical  style,  to  a  reddish  hue,  these  last  being  old  individuals. 
Reddish  specimens  were  obtained  at  different  localities  such  as  Valle- 
citos,  St.  Eulalia,  Rosarito,  and  Rosarito  Divide,  but  the  great  ma- 
jority of  the  examples  are  pale  brownish  gray,  some  indeed  a  light 
buff.  The  color  of  the  under  parts  varies  greatly  even  among  speci- 
mens from  the  same  locality,  exhibiting  the  white  chin  and  breast 
with  remainder  buff,  or  grayish  buff,  to  nearly  all  buff  or  all  grayish 
white  with  the  plumbeous  under  fur  showing  through.  This  differ- 
ence of  color  in  probably  most  cases  is  due  to  age,  but  individuals 
of  apparently  the  same  age  are  not  alike  in  color  though  inhabiting 
the  same  locality.  And  yet  it  may  not  be  supposed  that  more  than 
one  species  is  represented  in  the  series  for  it  is  not  possible  to  indi- 
cate any  line  of  separation  among  them  either  in  color  or  cranial 
characters.  Even  in  the  old  adult  reddish  specimens,  one  from  Ro- 
sarito is  typical  in  color  on  the  under  parts,  with  white  chin  and 
breast,  rest  bright  buff;  while  another  from  Rosarito  Divide,  at  no 
great  distance  away,  is  white  beneath  with  only  a  faint  tinge  of  buff  on 
abdominal  region.  Another  from  Vallecitos  is  tinged  with  buff  on  a 
central  line  from  breast  to  anal  region  the  rest  being  grayish  white; 
and  one  from  St.  Eulalia  has  a  pale  buff  line  in  the  center  of  under 
parts,  the  rest  being  plumbeous  tinged  with  buff.  Here  therefore 
are  four  specimens  from  near-by  localities,  the  color  of  their  upper 
parts  closely  resembling  each  other,  but  beneath  entirely  different. 
They  were  taken  from  July  to  October,  the  two  in  August  most 
nearly  resembling  each  other  in  color  of  under  parts,  and  the  July 
and  October  specimens  being  nearer  alike.  It  would  seem  therefore 
that  little  or  no  reliance  can  be  placed  upon  the  color  of  the  under 
parts  as  a  character  for  even  a  racial  separation,  in  this  series  at  all 
events  whatever  it  may  be  in  other  forms,  and  notwithstanding  the 
differences  observable,  to  refer  them  all  to  one  race  seems  the  only 
way  to  treat  them.  The  ears  are  generally  longer  than  typical 
intermedia,  ranging  from  28-34,  and  hind  foot  from  30-36,  but  the  total 
length  and  that  of  the  tail  will  average  as  in  intermedia.  San  Matias 
Spring  is  evidently  the  eastern  limit  of  this  species,  for  a  few  miles 
away  on  the  edge  of  the  desert  the  next  race  is  found. 

The  specimens  from  Parral  are  assigned  to  intermedia,  with  great 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  217 

hesitation,  for  while  some  are  exactly  like  that  species  others  resem- 
ble very  closely  JV.  felipensis.  It  would  not  seem  probable  that  the 
latter  form  would  range  in  the  mountains  so  high  above  the  desert, 
nor  that  the  two  would  be  present  in  the  same  locality  and  remain 
distinct.     For  the  present  I  have  left  them  under  intermedia. 

Neotoma  bella  felipensis,  subsp.  nov. 

20  Specimens:  16  San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California;  4  Palomar, 
Hanson  Laguna  Mountains. 

Type  locality.     San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California,  Lower  California. 

Genl.  Char.  Largest  of  the  pale  colored  desert  rats ;  nearest  to 
N.  bella;  feet  and  ears  larger,  tail  longer.  Skull  with  shorter  and 
broader  nasals,  shorter  pterygoid  fossa,  wider  basioccipital  and 
basisphenoid;  bullae  much  smaller;  brain  case  much  narrower  pos- 
teriorly. 

Color.  Similar  to  N.  bella,  cream-buff  lined  with  black  on  the 
upper  parts,  sides  pale  cream  color;  lips,  hands,  feet,  lower  portion 
of  sides  and  under  parts  pure  white;  basal  part  of  hairs  on  side  and 
under  parts  plumbeous,  except  on  chin,  center  of  breast,  and  a  line 
down  the  center  of  abdomen  to  anal  region  which  has  the  hairs  white 
to  the  roots;  tail  dusky  above,  whitish  beneath;  ears  pale  brown. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  type,  335;  tail  vertebras,  158;  hind 
foot,  34;  ear,  34.  Skull:  occipital  nasal  length,  41;  Hensel,  34; 
zygomatic  breadth,  21;  interorbital  constriction,  5;  width  of  brain 
case  at  root  of  zygomata,  18;  posterior  width,  14;  palatal  arch  to 
alveoli  of  incisors,  19;  postpalatal  length,  15;  median  length  of  nasals, 
15;  posterior  width  of  nasals,  2.5;  anterior  width  of  nasals,  4.5;  palatal 
arch  to  hamular  process  of  pterygoids,  7;  width  of  basioccipital 
anteriorly,  8;  width  of  basisphenoid  at  anterior  point  of  bullae,  4; 
length  of  upper  molar  series,  7;  length  of  mandible,  angle  to  alveolus 
of  the  incisor  above,  23;  height  at  condyle,  11;  at  coronoid  process 
12.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  8. 

In  general  appearance  there  is  not  much  difference  in  color  be- 
tween the  present  form  and  N.  bella  from  Palm  Springs,  southern 
California.  A  series  of  topotypes  of  N.  bella  are  before  me  and  by 
color  alone  it  would  be  difficult  to  separate  the  Lower  California 
specimens  from  them,  but  the  latter  are  generally  larger  in  adult 
animals,  with  longer  ears,  hind  feet  and  tail,  and  the  difference  in 
the  proportion  of  the  skull  seems  to  warrant  their  separation.  From 
N  desertorum  (two  specimens  of  which,  topotypes,  were  kindly  loaned 
to  me  by  Dr.  A.  K.  Fisher,  Acting  Chief  of  the  Biological  Survey, 
Washington,   together    with  a  skull  of  N.  d.  sola),  the  San  Felipe 


218  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,   Vol.  III. 

specimens  differ  in  larger  size,  lighter  colored  tail  and  ears,  and  much 
larger  skulls;  while  the  skull  of  JV.  d.  sola  is  smaller  generally,  as 
would  be  naturally  expected  from  the  difference  of  the  body  meas- 
urements. The  four  specimens  from  Palomar,  Hanson  Laguna 
Mountains,  are  much  more  heavily  lined  with  black  than  the  San 
Felipe  examples,  and  are  consequently  considerably  darker,  but  I  do 
not  attach  any  importance  to  this,  for  there  is  considerable  variation 
in  the  coloring  of  all  these  desert  rats,  some  being  much  more 
richly  colored  than  others,  sometimes  verging  on  orange- 
buff;  others  paler  in  the  ground  hue  but  lined  heavily  with  black 
so  as  to  make  them  conspicuous  among  the  rest.  I  am  unable  to 
determine  whether  this  difference  of  color  is  to  be  attributed  to  age 
or  is  an  individual  peculiarity.  It  may  be  seasonal  as  the  Palomar 
specimens  were  taken  in  November  and  those  from  San  Felipe  in 
March  and  April. 

MICROTUS. 
Microtus  californicus  hyperythrus. 

Microtus  californicus  hyperythrus  (misprinted  huperuthrus). 
Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903,  p.  161,  Zoology. 

31   Specimens:    6  Aguaje  de  las  Fresas,  8  La  Grulla,  2  Vallecitos, 

3  San  Antonio,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains;  12  San  Quentin, 
Pacific  coast. 

This  species  at  San  Quentin  "  was  found  amid  dense  weeds  and 
grass,  and  at  San  Antonio  in  the  thick  swamp.  Generally  dis- 
tributed along  streams  from  the  base  of  the  mountains  to  the  highest 
meadows." 

FAM.    GEOMYID/E. 

THOMOMYS. 
Thomomys  martirensis. 

Thomomys  martirensis.     Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  1898, 

p.  147- 

29  Specimens:     2  Aguaje  de  las  Fresas,  2  Vallecitos,  8  La  Grulla. 

4  Santa  Eulalia,  1  Santa  Rosa,  1  Mattoni,  5  Parral,  San  Pedro 
Martir  Mountains;  6  Hanson  Lagoon,  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains, 

45  examples  of  Thomomys  were  collected  by  Mr.  Heller,  and  those 
from  the  higher  portions  of  the  San  Pedro  Martir  range  I  have 
separated  as  belonging  to  Dr.  Allen's  species.  As  a  rule  they  are 
larger  than  the  coast  animals,  with  longer  nasals.  In  color  they 
vary  considerably,  from  an  ochraceous  buff  to  dark  gray,  the  latter 


June,   1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  219 

being,  as  I  believe,  the  adult  pelage.  Dr.  Allen  states  (1.  c.)  that  "  the 
young  show  a  marked  suffusion  of  fulvous,"  but  this  is  not  per- 
ceptible in  this  series,  and  I  think  it  possible  that  two  forms  may  have 
been  confounded,  those  from  the  foothills  and  coast  and  those  from 
the  mountains,  for  two  species  are  apparently  represented  in  the 
series  of  45  specimens  from  this  region.  All  the  examples  of 
T.  martirensis  have  a  grayish  tinge,  even  among  those  with  an  och- 
raceous  buff  pelage,  and  none  of  them  exhibit  the  dark  hues  of  T. 
fulvus.  The  skulls  vary  considerably  and  it  does  not  seem  possible 
to  give  any  cranial  character  by  which  the  species  can  be  certainly 
recognized,  but,  as  I  have  already  mentioned,  the  nasals  are  gen- 
erally longer,  and  the  average  size  of  the  individuals  is  larger.  It  is 
a  pale  colored  form  in  youth,  and  dark  gray  in  old  age.  At  all 
events  that  is  the  impression  these  examples  give,  and  no  fulvous 
series  is  perceptible. 

Thomomys*  aphrastus,  sp.  nov. 

16  Specimens:  Type  locality.  San  Tomas,  Lower  California, 
Mexico. 

Genl.  Char.  About  the  size  of  T.  fulvus,  but  darker  and  grayer. 
Nasals  short,  broad  at  anterior  end,  pterygoids  almost  touching  the 
bullae. 

Color.  Upper  parts  mixed  broccoli  brown  and  ochraceous,  the  slate 
of  base  of  hairs  occasionally  showing  and  giving  a  grayish  tint  to 
the  pelage;  sides  bright  ochraceous  buff;  spot  behind  ear,  nose  and 
openings  of  pouches  black;  under  parts  ochraceous  buff,  plumbeous 
or  slate  of  under  fur  showing;  hands  and  feet  grayish  white;  tail 
ochraceous  buff  above,  yellowish  beneath.     (March.) 

Another  specimen  from  San  Quentin,  July,  is  lavender  gray, 
darkest  on  dorsal  region,  with  top  of  head  ochraceous  buff  and  black, 
and  sides  of  head  pinkish  buff;  sides  of  body  buffy  gray  and  under 
parts  buff.  This  individual  is  beginning  to  change  from  gray  to  the 
darker  pelage  of  winter. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  222,  tail  vertebrae,  69;  hind  foot 
29;  ear,  7.5.  Skull:  occipito-nasal  length,  38;  Hensel,  35;  interorbital 
constriction,  6;  zygomatic  width,  25;  length  of  nasals,  12.5;  anterior 
width  of  nasals,  4.5;  palatal  length,  23;  length  of  upper  molar  series, 
7.5;  length  of  mandible,  22;  length  of  lower  molar  series  7;  height  at 
coronoid  process,  15. 

This  is  a  rather  smaller  species  than  T.  martirensis,  has  much 
shorter  nasals,  and  seems  to  be  restricted  to  the  lowlands  and  foot- 

*(p(ppa<jToq — perplexing. 


22o  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,   Vol.   III. 

hills  of  the  San  Pedro  Martir  range.  It  is  darker  and  grayer  than 
T.fulvus;  indeed,  in  certain  seasons,  as  in  the  one  described  above, 
the  pelage  is  a  beautiful  lavender-gray.  The  sixteen  specimens 
exhibit  a  considerable  diversity  of  coloring,  a  number  being  in 
process  of  change  from  the  gray  to  the  darker  hue  and  two  from  San 
Antonio  are  very  dark  with  a  great  many  black  hairs  mixed  with  the 
lighter  ones.  With  the  exception  of  the  short  nasals  the  skulls  do 
not  show  any  particular  characters  not  seen  in  those  of  T.  mar- 
tirensis,  but  the  general  hue  of  the  pelage  is  much  darker,  and  of 
quite  a  different  shade  from  that  usually  seen  in  T.  fulvus  or  T. 
bottce. 

FAM.    HETEROMYID/E. 

SUBFAM.    DlPIDOMYIN^;. 

DIPODOMYS. 

Dipodomys  merriami  simiolus. 

Dipodomys  merriami  simiolus.  Rhoads,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien., 
Phil.,  1893,  p.  410,  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  234. 

10  Specimens:  1  Canon  Esperanza,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts.;  9 
San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California. 

At  Canon  Esperanza  this  race  was  common  on  the  sandy  plains, 
but  rare  near  the  base  of  the  mountains,  "but  at  San  Felipe  Bay  it 
was  abundant,  and  the  burrows  were  usually  placed  beneath  bushes, 
and  they  were  not  found  in  colonies  as  frequently  as  was  the  next 
species." 

Dipodomys  deserti. 

Dipodomys  deserti.  Steph.,  Am.  Nat.,  1887,  P>  42>  PI-  v-»  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  235. 

11  Specimens,  San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California. 

"This  kangaroo  rat,"  writes  Mr.  Heller,  "was  one  of  the  most 
abundant  mammals  at  San  Felipe  Bay.  Its  burrows  were  seen 
everywhere  throughout  the  desert,  where  they  were  usually  found  in 
colonies  of  from  three  or  four  to  a  dozen  or  more." 

PERODIPUS. 

Perodipus  agilis. 

Perodipus  agilis.  Gambel,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.  Phila.,  1848, 
p.  77,  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  236. 

27  Examples:     8  Ensenada,  5  San  Tomas,  1  Las  Eucinas,  3  Trin- 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  221 

idad,  2  Agua  San  Matias,  3  Head  of  San  Antonio  River,  4  Rosarito, 
1  Rosarito  Divide,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

San  Matias  appears  to  be  the  eastern  limit  of  this  species  in  the 
mountains. 


SUBFAM.  HETEROMYIN^E. 

PEROGNATHUS. 

A.  Chaetodipus 

Perognathus  baileyi  rhydinorhis. 

Perognathus  baileyi  rhydinorhis.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb. 
Mus.,  1903,  iii,  p.  167. 

14  Specimens:  10  San  Quentin,  Pacific  coast;  3  Agua  Joncolito, 
1  Rosarito,  West  of  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  angustirostris. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  angustirostris.  Osgood,  N.  Am.  Faun., 
No.  18,  1900,  p.  47,  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  252. 

12  Specimens:      1  Buena  Vista,  11  San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California. 

The  type  of  this  race  came  from  Carriso  Creek,  Colorado  Desert, 
California,  and  these  Lower  California  examples  are  not  typical, 
being  paler  and  with  a  fulvous  tinge  on  the  upper  parts.  But  the 
difference  observable  does  not  warrant  any  separation  of  individuals 
in  the  various  localities.  Mr.  Heller  only  met  with  it  in  the  two 
places  mentioned  above,  both  in  desert  regions  on  the  east  coast, 
where  it  associated  with  the  next  race,  a  gradation  from  one  to  the 
other  of  the  two  forms  being  noticeable. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  arenarius. 

Perognathus  penicillatus  arenarius.  Merr.,  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.  Scien., 
1894,  iv.,  p.  461. 

21  Examples,  San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California. 

These  specimens  are  referred  to  P.  arenarius,  although  certain 
differences  in  the  cranial  characters  are  observable.  The  unique 
type  of  P.  arenarius  was  taken  at  Comondu,  much  to  the  south  of 
San  Felipe,  and  until  more  examples  are  obtained  and  comparison 
made  with  northern  individuals  it  will  not  be  possible  to  know  if  the 
determination  of  these  San  Felipe  specimens  is  correct  or  not. 


222  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.  III. 

Perognathus  helleri. 

Perognathus  helleri.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  iii,  1903, 
p.  166. 

19  Specimens,  San  Quentin,  Gulf  of  California. 

"The  most  abundant  mammal  about  the  bed  of  the  San  Simon 
River." 

Perognathus  fallax. 

Perognathus  fallax.  Merr.,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  1889,  No.  i,p.  19,  PI. 
iii,  fig.  14,  Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  254. 

39  Specimens:  5  Ensenada,  1  Trinidad,  2  Agua  San  Matias,  15 
San  Antonio,  1  Mattoni,  1  head  of  San  Antonio  River,  1  Agua 
Joncolito,  n  Rosarito,  2  San  Quentin. 

Perognathus  cnecus. 

Perognathus  cnecus  (misprinted  knekus).  Elliot,  Pub.  Field 
Columb.  Mus.,  iii,  1903,  p.  169. 

1  Specimen  from  Rosarito,  west  of  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

Perognathus  femoralis. 

Perognathus  femoralis.  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  1891, 
p.  281. 

3  Specimens,  Hanson  Lagoon,  Hanson  Laguna  Mts. 

Perognathus  femoralis  mesopolius. 

Perognathus  femoralis  mesopolius.  Elliot,  Field  Columb.  Mus., 
iii,  1903,  p.  168. 

13  Specimens:  2  Pifion;  5  Aguaje  de  Las  Fresas,  4  Santa  Rosa,  2 
Santa  Eulalia,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

Perognathus  spinatus. 

Perognathus  spinatus.  Merr.,  N.  Am.  Faun.,  No.  1,  1889,  p.  21. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,   1901,  p.  255. 

40  Examples:  9  Agua  San  Matias,  7  Canon  Esperanza,  1 
Canon  Diablo,  5  San  Antonio,  7  Parral,  10  Mattoni,  San  Pedro 
Martir  Mts.;  1  Palomar,  Hanson  Laguna  Mts. 

At  Canon  Esperanza,  San  Matias  Springs,  and  San  Antonio  this 
species  was  abundant.  At  the  first  of  these  localities  Mr.  Heller 
writes,  "in  March  none  were  taken,  but  on  my  return  I  placed  traps 
in  the  same  situations  where  Peromyscus  had  been  previously  taken, 
but  nothing  save  Perognathus  was  obtained.  It  would  appear  that 
they  had  migrated  into  the  canon  since  my  departure  or  awoke 
from  some  sort  of  dormant  state  or  hibernation." 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  223 

FAM.  LEPORIDvE. 
LEPUS. 

A.  SlLVILAGUS. 

Lepus  auduboni. 

Lepus  auduboni.  Baird,  Mamni.  N.  Am.,  1857,  p.  608,  pi.  58, 
fig.  2.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  283. 

6  Specimens:      1  San  Tomas,  5  El  Alamo,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

At  San  Tomas  this  species  was  rare,  but  common  about  the  cactus 
thickets  at  El  Alamo.  It  "evidently  does  not  extend  down  the  coast 
much  farther  south  than  San  Tomas." 

B.       MlCROLAGUS. 

Lepus  cinerascens. 

Lepus  cinerascens.  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  1890, 
iii.,  p.  159.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  287. 

18  Examples:  1  Trinidad,  1  Salado  River  Canon,  1  St.  Eulalia,  7 
Rosarito,  8  San  Quentin. 

This  species  "was  abundant  in  but  few  places.  At  San  Quentin 
it  inhabited  the  Pityba  cactus  thickets  in  the  same  kind  of  country 
frequented  by  Neotoma  intermedia.  No  rabbit  signs  were  seen  above 
the  distribution  of  the  black  chamiso;  that  is,  not  above  6,000  feet." 

C  Macrotolagus. 
Lepus  californicus. 

Lepus  californicus.  Bachm,  Jour.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien.,  1839,  P- 
86.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  291. 

6  Specimens:  1  Trinidad,  2  Parral,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts.;  3  San 
Quentin. 

At  San  Quentin  this  hare  "was  abundant  in  cultivated  fields  and 
about  creek-beds." 

Lepus  texensis  deserticola. 

Lepus  texensis  deserticola.  Mearns,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus., 
1895,  p.  564.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  291. 

4  Specimens:  2  Canon  Esperanza,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts.;  2  San 
Felipe,  Gulf  of  California. 

One  of  the  San  Felipe  examples  is  a  pale  sandy  gray  and  black, 
very  different  from  the  other  three. 


224  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.  III. 

Lepus  martirensis. 

Lepus  martirensis.  Stowell,  Proc.  Calif.  Acad.  Scien.,  v.,  1895, 
p.  50. 

5  Specimens:  4  St.  Eulalia,  1  Rosarito,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts. 

This  species  was  said  to  occur  about  La  Grulla,  but  was  not  taken 
there.  It  is,  says  Mr.  Heller,  "abundant  below  the  pine  belt,  the 
lower  part  of  which  it  enters  and  ranges  to  a  height  of  8,000  feet." 


ORDER  CARNIVORA. 

FAM.     FELID/E. 

FELIS. 

Felis  rufa  californica. 

Lynx  rufus  californicus.     Mearns,  U.  S.  Nat.   Mus.,   1897,  xx.,  p. 

458- 

Felis  rufa  californica.      Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  298. 

2  Specimens:  1  ad.,  1  juv.,  Hanson  Lagoon.  Hanson  Laguna 
Mountains. 

FAM.  CANID^. 

CAN  IS. 
Canis  mearnsi. 

Canis  mearnsi.  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  1897,  p.  30. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  303. 

5  Examples:  2  El  Alamo,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains;  2  Hanson 
Lagoon  and  1  Calobozo,  Hanson  Laguna  Mountains. 

In  my  Synopsis  of  North  American  Mammals,  p.  303,  I  remarked, 
concerning  the  described  forms  of  coyote,  that  "  It  is  difficult  to  dis- 
tinguish these  varieties  of  the  coyote  by  any  description,  and  still 
more  so  by  the  skins  or  skulls."  There  are  seventeen  specimens 
of  coyotes  in  the  collection  procured  by  Mr.  Heller,  and  any  one 
who  should  attempt  to  allot  each  one  to  its  respective  species,  unaided 
by  either  skins  or  skulls  of  topotypes  of  the  described  forms,  would 
be  deeply  impressed  by  the  force  of  the  above  statement.  The 
distinctions  made  by  Dr.  Merriam  in  his  paper  on  the  coyotes 
(1.  c.)  are  mainly  comparative  between  the  various  forms  recognized 
by  him,  and  if  one  has  not  authenticated  specimens  of  these,  it  is 
practically  impossible  to  determine  what  species  his  examples  rep- 
resent. My  friend,  Dr.  A.  K.  Fisher,  acting  chief  of  the  Biological 
Survey,  Washington,  kindly  forwarded  to  me  specimens  of  C. 
mearnsi,   C.  estor  and   C.  peninsula,  and  by  the  aid  of  these  I  have 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  225 

been  able  to  determine  in  a  fairly  satisfactory  manner,  thirteen  of 
my  examples,  five  belonging,  as  I  believe,  to  the  present  species. 
The  specimen  of  C.  meamsi  sent  from  Washington  was  procured  at 
Colonia  Garcia,  State  of  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  and  is  by  no  means  so 
highly  colored  as  are  those  from  Lower  California,  and  the  latter 
are  darker  on  the  back  with  the  black  of  the  dorsal  region,  in  the 
majority  of  the  specimens,  extending  to  the  occiput,  and  exhibiting 
a  sufficient  difference  probably  for  those  fond  of  fine  distinctions 
to  constitute  a  separate  race.  This  wolf,  in  its  rich  coloring,  is 
deserving  of  the  praise  Dr.  Merriam  gives  it  as  the  "  handsomest  of 
the  coyotes."  This  species  was  abundant  throughout  the  Alamo 
plain  and  in  the  mountains  of  Hanson  Laguna. 

Canis  estor. 

Canis  estor.  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  1897,  p.  31.  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  302. 

8  Specimens:  2  Canon  Esperanza,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains; 
4  San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California;  2  San  Quentin,  Pacific  coast. 

All  of  these,  with  the  exception  of  the  San  Quentin  specimens, 
agree  fairly  well  with  the  Washington  example  of  C.  estor,  taken  in 
Death  Valley,  California.  The  San  Quentin  skins  are  more  darkly 
colored  and  have  a  greater  amount  of  black  on  the  upper  parts,  and 
the  skulls  are  larger  generally,  but  no  doubt  these  are  but  individual 
variations,  for  it  is  probable  these  coyotes  of  the  lowlands  and  the 
desert  pass  by  way  of  the  canons  in  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Moun- 
tains from  the  east  to  the  west  coast,  and  vice  versa.  They  were 
numerous  in  the  various  localities  visited  by  Mr.  Heller,  and  were 
very  troublesome,  stealing  animals  from  the  traps  and  otherwise 
interfering  with  the  collecting,  and  to  protect  himself  from  loss  of 
specimens  Mr.  Heller  was  obliged  to  try  and  catch  the  wolves  first, 
and  then  turn  his  attention  to  the  smaller  mammals. 

Canis  clepticus,  *  Sp.  nov. 

4  Specimens  :  1  Agua  Escondido,  1  Santa  Rosa,  1  Santa  Eulalia, 
1  Vallecitos,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 

Type  locality.  Vallecitos,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  9,000  feet 
elevation. 

Genl.  Char.  Summer  pelage  above  reddish,  size  small.  Skull 
short,  broad,  brain  case  and  across  post-orbital  processes  wide,  the 
latter  long;  nasals  rather  short,  narrow;  rostrum  narrow;  pterygoid 
fossa  broad,  long;  outline  of  bullae  on  basioccipital  not  approach- 

*  xXstztcxoi;— thievish. 


226  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.  III. 

ing  posteriorly;  palate  wide  between  molars;  occipital  crest  promi- 
nent; teeth  small,  weak;  tail  short,  bushy. 

Color. — September.  Nose  cinnamon  rufous,  cheeks  mixed  gray  and 
black;  upper  lip,  chin  and  between  jaws  grizzled  grayish  white;  top 
of  head  grizzled  black  gray  and  fulvous;  back  of  ears,  occiput,  and 
back  of  neck  deep  buffy  ochraceous,  uniform;  rest  of  upper  parts 
tawny  or  tawny  ochraceous,  with  numerous  white-tipped  hairs  inter- 
mingled; lower  part  of  throat  white;  sides  of  neck  and  collar 
beneath  throat  buff,  in  some  places  creamy  buff;  chest,  abdomen 
and  inner  sides  of  thighs  near  body  white;  rest  of  under  parts  griz- 
zled grayish  buff,  and  black;  shoulders  pale  buffy  ochraceous;  fore 
and  hind  legs  rich  fulvous,  feet  paler,  whitish  on  toes  at  base  of 
claws.  Tail  tawny  ochraceous,  white  at  base  beneath;  inner  side 
and  edge  of  ears  white.  New  hairs  of  the  winter  pelage  coming  in 
black,  with  white  tips.  The  August  examples  in  greatly  worn  pelage 
are  darker  tawny,  with  a  great  many  white-tipped,  long  blackish 
brown  hairs  intermingled  with  the  rest. 

Measureme/i/s,  type,  female. — Total  lengths,  1030;  tail  vertebra;, 
275;  hind  foot,  173;  ear,  no.  Skull:  occipito-nasal  length,  147 
(163);  total  length,  169  (173);  Hensel,  149  (153);  zygomatic 
width,  94  (95);  interorbital  constriction,  29  (30.5);  width  of  brain 
case  above  zygomata,  59  (60);  across  postorbital  processes,  46  (46); 
length  of  nasals,  median,  55  (60);  lateral,  63  (67);  width  of  ros- 
trum above  last  premolar,  27  (25);  palatal  length,  81  (^82);  width  of 
palate  at  posterior  end  of  carnassial,  42  (40);  between  last  molar, 
29-5  (27);  palatal  arch  to  end  of  hamular  process  of  pterygoid,  30 
(3 1.5);  width  of  basisphenoid  at  anterior  margin  of  bullae,  15  (15.5); 
width  of  basioccipital  at  posterior  line  of  bulla;,  14  (15);  length  of 
upper  carnassial,  outer  alveolar  border,  10  (16);  length  from  anterior 
edge  of  canine  to  posterior  margin  of  last  molar,  alveolar  border, 
71  (75);  alveolar  length  of  upper  molar  series,  29.5  (33);  postero- 
antero  width  of  last  molar,  5  (6);  length,  9  (10.5);  length  of 
mandible,  angle  to  alveolus  of  outer  incisor,  121  (123);  height  at 
condyle,  24  (23.5);  at  coronoid  process,  47  (50);  alveolar  length  of 
lower  carnassial,  17  (19);  length  of  lower  molar  series,  36  (42); 
anterior  margin  of  canine  to  posterior  margin  of  last  molar,  alveolar 
border,  78  (83.5).  The  numbers  in  parentheses  are  the  measure- 
ments of  a  skull  of  a  male. 

Three  examples  of  this  species  are  in  the  summer  pelage  in  a  much 
worn  condition.  The  fur  of  the  type,  killed  the  29th  of  September, 
is  long  and  fresh,  evidently  the  full  autumn  pelage,  the  dark  hairs 
characteristic  of  the  winter  coat  only  beginning  to  appear  at  the  base 


June,   1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  227 

of  the  fur.  In  this  latter  pelage  it  apparently  would  resemble  the  type 
of  C.  peninsula.  The  specimen  kindly  loaned  to  me  by  Dr.  Fisher, 
from  the  collection  of  the  Biological  Survey,  was  taken  on  April  20th, 
and  is  in  the  grizzled  gray  and  black  coat  of  winter,  very  much  worn 
and  the  skin  partly  bare  in  places.  For  comparison,  therefore, 
with  my  examples  this  skin  is  not  of  much  assistance,  but  a  glance 
at  the  skulls  is  sufficient  to  perceive  the  distinctness  of  the  two  forms. 
The  skull  of  C.  clepticus  is  short  and  broad,  while  that  of  C.  penin- 
sula, is  comparatively  long  and  narrow.  The  brain  case  of  the  new 
form  is  swollen  and  rounded,  much  broader  than  that  of  the  Cape 
species,  and  the  frontals  at  the  postorbital  processes  are  much 
broader;  the  rostrum  is  more  slender;  the  basioccipital,  basi- 
sphenoid,  and  palate  posteriorly  much  wider;  the  pterygoid  fossa 
longer,  and  the  carnassial  and  other  molars  smaller.  The  zygomatic 
breadth  also  is  much  greater.  Probably  at  the  same  season  of  the 
year  the  coats  of  the  two  species  would  have  a  general  resemblance 
to  each  other,  but  the  skulls  would  always  indicate  their  distinct- 
ness. This  species  seems  to  be  a  dweller  of  the  higher  elevations 
of  the  San  Pedro  Martir  range,  as  it  was  not  met  with  in  the  foot- 
hills or  on  the  plains,  being  replaced  in  those  districts  by  the  pale 
C.  estor.  It  is  a  very  handsome  animal  in  full  coat,  and  very  red- 
dish in  midsummer. 

VULPES. 
Vulpes   macrotis. 

Vulpes  macrotis.  Merr.,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  1888,  p.  135. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  306. 

2  Specimens:    Trinidad,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 

This  small  fox  appeared  to  be  rare  and  restricted  to  the  mountains; 
as  Mr.  Heller  remarks;  it  "evidently  does  not  occur  on  the  desert," 
and  none  were  seen  in  the  country  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  range. 

UROCYON. 

Urocyon   c.   californicus. 

Urocyon  c.  californicus.  Mearns,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  Wash., 
1897,  p.  459.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  308. 

2  Examples:  1  ad  ,  Hanson  Lagoon,  Hanson  Laguna  Mts.;  1  juv. 
Santa  Eulalia,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 


228  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.  III. 

FAM.     MUSTELID^. 
SPILOGALE. 

Spilogale  arizonae  martirensis. 

Spilogale  arizonae  martirensis.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb. 
Mus.,  iii.,  1903,  p.  12,  Zoology. 

2  Specimens:    Vallecitos,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 

Skunks  were  very  scarce  throughout  the  region,  no  Mephitis  was 
captured  or  seen,  not  even  the  tracks  observed,  and  the  two  Spilogale 
were  the  only  specimens  taken.  The  natives  said  the  polecat  also 
occurred  at  La  Grulla,  but  no  evidence  of  its  presence  was  discovered 
at  that  place. 

ORDER  INSECTIVORA. 

fam.  soricim:. 

SOREX. 
Sorex  orinus. 

Sorex  orinus  (misprinted  oreinus).  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb. 
Mus.,  1903,  iii.,  p.  172,  Zoology. 

4  Specimens:  1  Aguaje  de  Las  Fresas,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mts.; 
3  San  Quentin,  Pacific  coast. 

Of  this  species  Mr.  Heller  says,  it  "  evidently  occurs  about  other 
streams  (besides  that  at  Aguaje  de  las  Fresas)  but  of  rare  occur- 
rence," and  about  San  Quentin  it  was  found  "only  near  the  coast  in 
damp  meadows."  It  is  undoubtedly  a  scarce  form  in  the  region 
traversed,  only  four  having  been  taken  in  a  period  of  several  months 
duration. 

ORDER  CHIROPTERA. 

FAM.  VESPERTILIONID^. 

MYOTIS. 
Myotis*  orinomus,  Sp.  nov. 

Type  locality,  La  Grulla,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  8,000  feet 
elevation. 

Getil.  Char.,  similar  to  M.  calif ornicus,  but  larger;  color  paler;  ear 
larger;  skull  larger;  brain  case   flatter,  less   elevated   above  rostrum; 

*6petvo[ios — dwelling  in  the  mountains. 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  .Mammals — Elliot.  229 

interorbital  constriction  greater,  rostrum  longer;  palate  narrower; 
molars  larger;  coronoid  process  much  higher  above  angle  of  man- 
dible; tragus  long,  slender,  pointed. 

Color.  Above,  dark  wood  brown;  beneath,  very  pale  broccoli  brown; 
ears,  feet,  and  membranes  black. 

Measurements.  Total  length,  88;  tail,  40;  foot,  7;  ear,  14;  width  of 
ear,  10;  Coll.  meas'ts:  forearm,  both  bones  broken;  longest  finger, 
60;  thumb  and  claw,  5;  tragus,  7;  (skin).  Skull:  occipito-nasal  length, 
13;  Hensel,  11;  zygomatic  width,  8.5;  width  of  brain  case,  7;  height 
of  brain  case  at  bullae,  4.5;  length  of  rostrum,  6;  palatal  length,  6; 
width  across  middle  molars  from  outer  edge,  5;  length  of  upper 
molar  series,  3.5;  length  of  mandible,  9.5;  height  at  coronoid  pro- 
cess from  angle,  4.5;  length  of  lower  molar  series,  3.5. 

This  bat  is  somewhat  similar  to  M.  californicus,  but  is  larger  in 
all  its  measurements,  and  of  a  paler  color  both  on  upper  and  under 
parts.  The  skull  is  quite  different  in  shape  and  larger  than  that  of 
the  species  compared.  Only  three  specimens  were  obtained,  two 
at  La  Grulla  and  one  at  St.  Eulalia,  high  elevations  amid  the  San 
Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 

Myotis  milled. 

Myotis  milled.  Elliot,  Pub.  Field  Columb.  Mus.,  1903,  iii., 
p.  172,  Zoology. 

2  Specimens:  La  Grulla. 

P1PISTRELLUS. 
Pipistrellus  hesperus. 

Pipistrellus  hesperus.  (H.  Allen.)  Mon.  N.  Am.  Bats,  1861,  p. 
43.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  409. 

13  Specimens:  3  San  Felipe,  Gulf  of  California;  3  Santa  Eulalia, 
2  Santa  Rosa,  2  Rosarito,  3  Parral,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 

This  was  apparently  the  most  abundant  species  of  bat  met  with, 
and  was  generally  distributed  throughout  the  range. 

VESPERTILIO. 
Vespertilio  fuscus  bernardinus. 

Vespertilio  fuscus  bernardinus.  (Rhoads.)  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Scien., 
Phil.,  1901,  p.  619. 

13  Examples:  1  La  Grulla,  12  Parral,  San  Pedro  Martir  Moun- 
tains. 

This  is  apparently  the  pale  form  of  V.  fuscus,  separated  by  Mr. 
Rhoads,  1.  c.     The  only  place  it  was  numerous  was  at   Parral.     The 


230  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.  III. 

single  specimen  from  La  Grulla,  although  referred  to  this  race,  is 
much  darker,  quite  a  different  shade  of  brown.  Doubtless  there  is 
much  variation  in  the  colors  of  this  race. 

LASIURUS. 

Lasiurus  borealis  teliotis. 

Lasiurus  borealis  teliotis.     (H.  Allen.)  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  Soc,  1891, 
xxix.,  p.  1.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  411. 
1  Specimen:  San  Tomas,  Pacific  coast. 

Lasiurus  cinereus. 

Lasiurus  cinereus.      (Beauvois.)      Cat.    Peale's  Mus.  Phil.,  1796,  p. 
14.     Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  411. 

1  Specimen:  San  Antonio. 

NYCTINOMUS. 

Nyctinomus  mexicanus. 

Nyctinomus  mexicanus.     Sauss,     Rev.  Zool.,  i860,  p.  283. 
Nyctinomus  mohavensis.     Merr.,  N.  Am.  Fan.,  No.  2,  1889,  p.  25. 
Nyctinomus  brasiliensis.     Elliot,    Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,   1901,   p. 
417. 

2  Specimens  (1  alcoholic):  La  Grulla,  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains. 
I   can   perceive  no   difference  whatever  between  this  species  and 

mohavensis,   Merr. 

The  following  species  have  been  seen  or  obtained   in    the   region 
traversed  by  Mr.  Heller,  but  are  not  represented  in  the  present  collection. 


ORDER    CARNIVORA. 

FAM.   FELID/E. 

FEL1S. 

Felis  concolor  oregonensis  ? 

Felis  concolor  oregonensis?  Rafin,  Atl.  Jour.  1832,  i.,  p.  62. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,   1901,  p.  294. 

Some  form  of  mountain  lion  is  found  in  various  parts  of  the 
mountains  both  at  high  elevations  and  among  the  foothills  on  the 
western  side.  At  San  Antonio  they  were  reported  "  tolerably  common 
and  continually  commit  depredations  on  the  young  stock  and  cattle." 
In   the   mountains   "old   tracks   were  seen  at  every  locality  visited, 


June,    1903.  A  List  of  Mammals — Elliot.  231 

much  more  common  about  the  base,  both  on  the  east  and  west 
slopes."  "Occasionally  seen  on  the  deer  ranges  in  the  foothills " 
back  of  San  Quentin.  It  may  be  that  this  puma  is  the  same  as  that 
found  in  northern  Mexico  (Chihuahua),  (J?,  c.  aztecus,  Merr.)  of 
which  form  this  museum  has  five  topotypes  and  which  I  am  unable  to 
separate  from  the  animal  of  the  northwest  coast  of  the  United  States. 

FAM.  PROCYONID/E. 

PROCYON. 

Procyon  letor  hernandezi  ? 

Procyon  lotor  hernandezi  ?  Wagl,  Isis,  1831,  p.  514.  Elliot, 
Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  317. 

Tracks  of  a  coon  were  frequently  seen,  especially  about  the  water 
holes  and  banks  of  streams,  and  on  "  both  slopes  of  the  mountains 
almost  to  the  summits,  as  the  animals  cross  the  range  to  the  edge  of 
the  desert."  It  is  most  probably  the  species  found  in  Southern 
California  and  Mexico. 

MEPHITIS. 
Mephitis  holzneri  ? 

Mephitis  holzneri  ?  Mearns,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xx.,  1897, 
p.  461. 

A  species  of  this  genus  was  reported  to  occur  in  the  mountains, 
but  none  were  met  with,  and  no  tracks  were  seen. 

FAM.    MUSTELIDyE. 

PUTORIUS. 
Putorius  ? 

A  weasel  was  "  said  to  have  been  seen  by  a  rancher.    Its  occurrence 

is  rather  doubtful  as  the  natives  are  entirely  unacquainted  with  the 

animal.     Even  at  Ensenada,  which  is  a  much  more  favorable  region, 

no  one  knew  of  them  and  it  is  probable  that  it  does  not   cross   the 

line.     At  San  Diego  an  experienced  collector  said  that  they  were 

very  rare." 

LATAX. 

Latax  lutris. 

Latax  lutris.  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  1,  1766,  p.  66.  Elliot,  Syn. 
N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  354. 

"  Formerly  found  about  the  kelp  off  the  coast  near  San  Quentin, 
but  now  very  rare.  It  is  occasionally  taken  in  the  kelp  beds  about 
Punta  Banda  near  the  mouth  of  Santa  Tomas  River." 


232  Field  Columbian  Museum — Zoology,  Vol.   III. 

ORDER  PINNIPEDIA. 

ZALOPHUS. 
Zalophus  californianus. 

Zalophus  californianus.  Less.,  Diet.  Class.  Hist.  Nat.,  1828, 
xiii.,  p.  420.      Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  356. 

"  Common  on  the  rocks  about  Punta  Banda  and  the  coast  gen- 
erally.    Rookeries  are  found  on  San  Martin  Island." 

Phoca  geronimensis. 

Phoca  geronimensis.     Allen,   Bull.   Am.    Mus.    Nat.    Hist.,    1902, 

P-  495- 

"  Abundant  in  Todos  Santos  Bay  and  the  Bay  of  San  Quentin." 

ORDER  INSECTIVORA. 

FAM.  TALPID/E. 
SCAPANUS. 

Scapanus  anthonyi. 

Scapanus  anthonyi.  Allen,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  1893, 
p.  200. 

"  Surface  runways  seen  at  nearly  every  locality  visited,  but  no 
mounds  showing  the  location  of  the  subterranean  passages  were 
visible.  Taken  occasionally  by  the  Mexicans  by  watching  the  surface 
runways." 

ORDER  CHIROPTERA. 

MYOTIS. 
Myotis  evotis. 

Myotis  evotis.  H.  Allen,  Mon.  N.  Am.  Bats,  1864,  p,  48. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.  Am.  Mamm.,   1901,  p.  406. 

Stated  by  J.  A.  Allen  (Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  1893,  P-  2°2)  t0 
occur  in  the  San  Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  no  locality  given,  at 
altitudes  of  7,000  to  8,200  feet. 

Myotis  yumanensis. 

Myotis  yumanensis.  H.Allen,  Mon.  N.  Am.  Bats,  1864,  p.  58. 
Elliot,  Syn.  N.Am.  Mamm.,  1901,  p.  483. 

21  Specimens  of  a  small  bat  are  referred  by  J.  A.  Allen  (1.  c.)  to 
this  species  under  the  name  of  Vespertilio  niddus,  taken  in  the  San 
Pedro  Martir  Mountains,  no  locality  given,  at  heights  varying  from 
7,000  to  8,500  feet. 


